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Crimean–Nogai raids into East Slavic lands
''POV note: This article is a translation from the Russian Wikipedia as of April 2013''
The Crimean-Nogai raids were attacks by the Khanate of Crimea and the Nogai Horde into the region of Rus' then controlled earlier by the Grand Duchy of Moscow and later Tsardom of Russia and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (later part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth). They began after Crimea became independent about 1441 and lasted until Crimea was brought under Russian control in 1774. Their main purpose was the capture of slaves, most of whom were exported to the Ottoman Empire. The raids were an important drain of the human and economic resources of both countries. They largely prevented the settlement of the "Wild Fields" – the steppe and forest-steppe land that extends from a hundred or so miles south of Moscow to the Black Sea and now contains most of the Russian and Ukrainian population. The raids were also important in the development of the Cossacks.
The number of people involved can only be estimated. According to Alan Fisher〔Alan Fisher "Muscovy and the Black Sea Slave Trade", Canadian American Slavic Studies, 1972, Vol. 6, pp. 575–594.〕 the number of people deported from the Slavic lands on both sides of the border during the 14th to 17th centuries was about 3 million people. Another source〔Michael Khodarkovsky,"Russia's Steppe Frontier, p. 22〕 gives 150,000–200,000 people taken from Russia in the first 50 years of the 17th century. For comparison the estimate for the Atlantic Slave Trade is perhaps 12 million. The estimate for the Arab slave trade with Africa is around 10 to 18 million over a much longer period.
==Causes==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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